You can’t have your cake and eat it too.
两者不可兼得。
Let sleeping dogs lie.
莫惹是非。
English proverbs without Chinese equivalents are too numerous to be listed here. As long as the interpreter knows their real meanings and the techniques mentioned above, he or she can translate them well orally, anyway.
As in the case of E-C interpretation, a word in either of these two languages belonging to a certain part of speech has often to be converted into a different part of speech in the target language, and a passive construction into an active one etc.——to conform to the usage of the target language. Conversion is necessitated primarily by the difference in syntactic structure and idiom of the two languages. Consider the following samples:
(1)Nouns converted into verbs:
…to realize the objective of effective prohibition of the development, production and stockpiling of all chemical weapons…
……实现有效禁止发展、生产和储存一切化学武器的目标……
(2)Prepositions converted into verbs:
…use military force against oil-producing countries
……用军事力量来对付石油生产国。
(3)Adjectives converted into verbs
With unemployment high, the dollar low and the stock market in distress, the economy will be the President’s sternest trial.
由于失业率增高、美元币值下跌、股票市场处于困境之中,经济问题将是总统所面临的最严峻的考验。
(4)Conversion of the passive into the active:
It is said that…
有人说……(人们说……;据说……)
4The causes which influence the cultural factors’ transmission
There are many causes that affect the cultural factor transmission. It includes cultural background, the qualities of an interpreter and regional differences etc.
4.1Cultural backgrounds
Different languages reflect different cultures. As a phenomenon of social culture, language is the result of the development of social culture. No language can exist and develop without a certain social and cultural environment, meanwhile, social culture restricts the language users’ way of thinking and their ability to express themselves. Because of the cultural differences, misunderstandings may arise in translating or interpreting, although the language used in communication may be faultless.
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